Vim yog qhov muaj zog ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov manganese siab thiab cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke, cov hlau uas tsis yooj yim hnav nrog lub zog muaj zog tuaj yeem kov yeej ntawm qhov chaw, yog li lub zog ntawm cov hniav thoob tau zoo dua, kom tau txais cov hniav thoob zoo dua. Vim tias nws muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus muaj zog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev qhuav, cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev nyuaj siab thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo yuav tsum tau xaiv hauv cov khoom siv.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam, cov hlau siab alloy muaj zog hnav tsis kam dua li cov hlau manganese siab, thiab cov hlau siab alloy lossis martensitic cast iron alloy yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hniav thoob tshiab thiab kho cov hniav thoob qub. Thaum kho qhov kev kho mob, lub nplaim acetylene tuaj yeem txiav los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hniav thoob qub, tawm hauv qee qhov groove, thiab tom qab ntawd siv austenitic hlau manganese vuam pas nrig los ua qhov kev kho mob sib xws ntawm daim ntawv qub, thiab thaum kawg overlay vuam kev kho mob rau ntawm qhov chaw kom txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khawb av loj hauv cov mines.

Ua ntej, lub tshuab txiav
Thaum cov hniav thoob teb nrog pob zeb (ore) nyob rau hauv lub nra hnyav siab, ntawm ib sab tes, nws nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog pob zeb (ore) nto thiab tsim lub zog loj cuam tshuam, yog tias lub zog tso zis ntawm cov hniav thoob qis, qhov kawg ntawm cov hniav thoob tsim qee yam yas deformation, uas yog yooj yim los tsim ib lub yas furrow. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum cov hniav thoob raug ntxig rau hauv pob zeb (ore), yog tias qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hniav thoob qis dua qhov nyuaj ntawm pob zeb (ore), cov pob zeb (ore) me me raug thawb mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav thoob, uas yuav tsim cov chips ntev hauv cov duab ntawm nkhaus lossis kauv, tsim ib lub qhov txiav, uas tej zaum yuav nrog cov micro txiav chips. Vim yog qhov kev txiav thiab ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov chips, ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv latent heat, zoo li ze thiab zoo nkauj, ua rau cov kauj ruam poob qis, ua rau muaj wrinkles, ntxiv rau, nws qhov kev sib txhuam nrog pob zeb (ore) ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam cua sov, deformation latent heat thiab kev sib txhuam cua sov ua ke ua rau qhov kub ntawm cov chips nce siab, dynamic recrystallization, tempering softening, dynamic phase hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam, hloov cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov chips, qee qhov kuj tshwm sim hauv zos melting phenomenon.
Qhov thib ob, lub tshuab ua kom qaug zog
Cov hniav thoob raug ntxig rau hauv pob zeb (ore) kom rov ua dua, thiab cov yas plough trench uas tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw raug tsoo los ntawm cov pob zeb me me ntawm qhov nce siab ntau zaus, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau ntau lub rooj ntws, thiab cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov kab nrib pleb tawg yuav tshwm sim thaum lub zog ntawm cov hniav thoob tshaj qhov txwv. Thawj qhov tawg perpendicular rau qhov kev coj ua hnav, thiab lwm qhov tawg lossis rhuav tshem qhov kev coj ua hnav, nrog cov kab txaij du ntawm sab pem hauv ntej, tiaj tus ntawm sab nraub qaum, thiab cov kab txaij sib tshooj tsim los ntawm kev tsoo deformation ntawm sab. Yog tias pob zeb yog angular, nws yuav txiav cov txheej deformation thiab tsim cov khib nyiab, uas yog tiaj tus thiab flake nrog cov npoo ntxhib. Kuj tseem muaj qhov xwm txheej, thaum cov hniav thoob thiab pob zeb ua haujlwm ntau zaus, cov hniav thoob yas deformation thiab ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm siab hardening, yog li ntawd qhov chaw hniav ntawm cov hniav thoob yog brittle, nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam muaj zog ntawm pob zeb, qhov chaw hniav yuav tsim cov chips brittle, thiab nws qhov chaw muaj cov kab nrib pleb radial ntawm qhov tob sib txawv. Qhov kev tawg ntawm cov hniav no kuj yog ib qho kev ua kom cov hniav tawg. Lub tshuab ua rau cov hniav puas yog vim cov khoom siv thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm, feem ntau suav nrog kev txiav, kev tev tawv thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, lub tshuab txiav ua rau cov hniav puas ntau dua 7O; Nrog rau qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hniav, lub tshuab tev tawv maj mam nce, suav txog 2O ~ 3O; Thaum qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhov tawg yuav nce thiab tej zaum yuav tawg. Rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm uas lub tshuab txiav ua, kev txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hniav yog qhov zoo rau kev txhim kho nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev hnav; Rau lub tshuab tev tawv, cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj qhov sib haum zoo;Kev nyuaj siab, kev tawg siab tawv, kev tawg qis thiab kev cuam tshuam kev qaug zog txhua yam pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.