I. Rockwell Hardness (HR)
Nyem qhov no kom paub meej ntxiv txog peb cov khoom.
1. Lub Ntsiab Cai

Siv lub pob zeb diamond cone (nrog lub kaum sab xis 120°) lossis lub pob hlau (nrog lub cheeb ntawm 1.59mm lossis 3.18mm) ua lub indenter, nias nws rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub nra hnyav pib thiab lub nra hnyav tseem ceeb. Tus nqi hardness yog xam raws li qhov tob ntawm qhov indentation - qhov tob ntawm qhov indentation, qhov qis dua tus nqi hardness.

2. Cov yam ntxwv

- Kev kuaj ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, tsim rau kev kuaj ua ke.
- Muaj peev xwm sim cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab mus rau siab hardness.
- Muaj ntau qhov ntsuas raws li qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv:
- HRA: Siv lub tshuab hnyav 60kg thiab lub tshuab txiav pob zeb diamond, tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv tawv heev xws li cov cemented carbides.
- HRB: Siv lub nra hnyav 100kg thiab lub pob hlau indenter, tsim nyog rau cov hlau mos, cov hlau tooj liab, cov hlau txhuas, thiab lwm yam.
- HRC: Siv lub nra hnyav 150kg thiab lub pob zeb diamond indenter, tsim nyog rau cov hlau quenched, cov hlau alloys siab hardness, thiab lwm yam.

3. Cov Ntawv Thov Ib Txwm Muaj

Siv dav rau kev sim qhov nyuaj sai ntawm cov khoom hlau xws li cov cuab yeej txiav, cov kabmob, cov iav, thiab cov khoom siv hlau cam khwb cia.

II. Brinell Hardness (HBW)

1. Lub Ntsiab Cai

Ib lub pob hlau nplaum tawv uas muaj ib txoj kab uas hla (feem ntau yog 10 hli) raug nias rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab qhov kev thauj khoom tshwj xeeb, thiab tus nqi hardness raug suav raws li txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov indentation.
Cov hom Brinell Hardness feem ntau:

- HBS: Siv lub pob hlau indenter, tsim rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog hardness ≤ 450 HB, xws li hlau mos, hlau grey cast, thiab cov hlau tsis yog ferrous.
- HBW: Siv lub pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke, tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov nyuaj ≤ 650 HB, thiab yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub.

2. Cov yam ntxwv

- Cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov thiab rov ua dua zoo.
- Haum rau cov hlau mos mus rau nruab nrab hardness.
- Qhov indentation loj heev, yog li nws tsis haum rau cov khoom nyias nyias lossis cov khoom me me.

3. Cov Ntawv Thov Ib Txwm Muaj

Kev kuaj qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom ua tiav, xws li cov hlau annealed, hlau cam khwb cia, thiab cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous thiab lawv cov alloys.

III. Vickers Hardness (HV)

1. Lub Ntsiab Cai

Ib lub pob zeb diamond indenter uas muaj lub kaum sab xis 136° siv los nias rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab qhov kev thauj khoom tshwj xeeb, thiab tus nqi hardness yog xam raws li qhov ntev ntawm qhov indentation.

2. Cov yam ntxwv

- Kev ntsuas qhov tseeb siab: Ua kom ntsuas qhov nyuaj tau raug, txawm tias rau thaj chaw me me heev (piv txwv li, thaj chaw me me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv).
- Ntau yam kev siv: Haum rau kev sim cov ntaub ntawv hla ntau qhov nyuaj, los ntawm cov hlau mos (xws li cov hlau txhuas) mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj heev (xws li cov cemented carbides).
- Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus indentation: Qhov me me indentation tshuav rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv zam kev puas tsuaj rau cov workpieces, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom nyias-phab ntsa, cov txheej txheem saum npoo, thiab kev sim qhov nyuaj ntawm thaj chaw me me.

3. Cov Ntawv Thov Ib Txwm Muaj

Nws yog siv dav rau kev sim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, cov txheej txheej saum npoo, thiab cov ntawv nyias nyias - piv txwv li, kev ntsuas qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheej xov tooj ntawm tes kom paub tseeb tias hnav tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov nyuaj ntawm cov cheeb tsam me me, xws li kev sim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ciam teb nplej thiab cov ciam teb theem hauv cov ntaub ntawv los kawm txog cov khoom me me.

4. Kev Sib Piv ntawm Peb Txoj Kev Ntsuas Qhov Nyuaj

5. Cov Lus Qhia Luv Luv
Peb txoj kev ntsuas qhov nyuaj muaj lawv qhov zoo. Yuav tsum xaiv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, cov duab ntawm cov qauv, qhov nyuaj thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig xeem tsim nyog tshaj plaws.

Nyem qhov no kom paub meej ntxiv txog peb cov khoom.